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[方广锠教授]杨文会的编藏思想
续-《●[方广锠教授]杨文会的编藏思想》
摘自《无量香光网文章集锦》
当今的中国佛教,面临许多问题。其中,如何提高僧人的思想素质与理论水平,已经越来越为人们所重视。只要还有人类存在,宗教就会存在下去,这已经成为我们这个社会越来越多的人们的共识。但是,就某一个具体的宗教而言,能否延续自己的生命,就在于它能否保持自己活泼的生命力;而所谓保持自己活泼的生命力,就在于它能不能不断创造新的理论、及与新理论相适应的新的传教方式与生活方式。没有新的理论的滋养,任何宗教都将不能持久,就好比没有灵魂的躯壳不能持久一样。而新理论的产生与发展,必须满足如下三个条件:它必须是原有理论的逻辑发展的结果;它必须与时代紧密结合,回答时代的课题;它需要思想深邃的理论家。要具备上述条件,必须深入研究佛教义理;要研究佛教义理,必须具备优秀的义理性大藏经。在这一点上,我们今天与当年的杨文会面临着同样的任务。
百年来,中国佛教与中华民族一起,经历了种种艰难屈辱;如今,也与中华民族一起,揭开了历史发展的新篇章。百年来,由于我们停滞,由于我们落后,在中国孕育、成长的汉传佛教,所用的汉文大藏经的权威版本却不是中国人编纂的。其实,那个版本存在着许多问题,我们中国人完全有能力编纂为一部水平超过它的新的大藏经。然而,由于种种原因,中国佛教界、中国学术界这个百年的梦想,至今还没有圆。
近十几年来,不少有识之士在呼吁,不少人已经行动起来,为编纂一部代表当今中国佛教界与学术界最高水平的大藏经而努力奋斗。我相信,在这个过程中,深入研究杨文会的编藏思想,将对我们的工作提供很多的启发与教益。
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Yang Wenhui's Concepts of Compiling a Tripi.taka
Fang Guangchang
Researcher, Institute for Research on World Religions,
Chinese Academy of Social Science
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Summary
Because Yang Wenhui’s concepts of compiling Tripitaka were closely related to his concepts of Buddhism, this paper gives a brief discussion on his concepts of Buddhism. The author pointed out that the production of Yang Wenhui’s Buddhist concepts was closely connected with the reality of the decline of Buddhism at that time. Yang Wenhui undertook the collection and arrangement of Buddhist suutras, the study of Buddhist doctrine, the training of Buddhist talents, and the dissemination of Buddha dharma in order to save the declining Buddhism and to oppose the intellectual climate of delusiveness and craziness. His understanding of Buddhism was based on The `Saastra on the Awakening of Faith in Mahaayaana, and he practised the Pure Land Buddhism. It is very pure and down-to-earth. Yang Wenhui praised Ch’an Buddhism rather highly. But, his understanding of Ch’an Buddhism was different from the traditional one. He criticized the decadent Ch’an custom of late Qing Dynasty very severely. We can say that his various practices of reviving Buddhism were to correct the various decadened Ch’an custom of late Qing Dynasty. He opined that the right path of learning the Buddha dharma is from faith to understanding, from understanding to practice, from practice to realization, and finally to Pure Land. Herein, to study and understand the doctrine is an important and unnegligible part of the chain. Therefore, one must study the sutras. Before that, the sutras should be collected, arranged, printed, and distributed. Thus, Yang Wenhui
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took the difficult task of compiling and printing the sutras and Tripi.taka with unbended courage.
The paper discusses Yang Wenhui’s concepts of compiling Tripi.taka from five angles: The purpose of compiling the Trpi.taka, the standards of selecting materials, the structural system, the distributive utilization, and the methods of work. The purpose of compiling the Tripi.taka is to revive the Chinese Buddhism, and then to spread to the whole world. So, this belongs to the system of doctrinal Tripi.taka . The standards of selecting materials are to safeguard the orthodoxy tradition, to collect complete materials, to emphasize the explanation of doctrine, and to select fine texts. This shows his emphasis on the sutras which were not included in the previous Tripi.taka, and on the Chinese commentaries. In the structural system, he inherited the system of Kai Yuuan Shi Jiao Lu and Yuue Zang Zhi Jin and made a further development. However, he didn’t go beyond the old mode of emphasizing the Mahaayaana and reglecting the Hinayaana. His principle of using the commentaries to group the sutras still has very great theoretical and practical significance until today. The paper places high evaluation on Yang Wenhui’s seriousness in compiling the Tripi.taka. It also comments on his methodology.
The conclusion summarizes Yiang Wuenhuei's concepts of compiling Tripi.taka and its significance today.
Key words: 1. Yang Wenhui 2. Tripi.taka 3. Buddhism in Qing Dynasty
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